Reliability-based robust design optimization: A general methodology using genetic algorithm

In this paper, we present an improved general methodology including four stages to design robust and reliable products under uncertainties. First, as the formulation stage, we consider reliability and robustness simultaneously to propose the new formulation of reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) problems. In order to generate reliable and robust Pareto-optimal solutions, the combination of genetic algorithm with reliability assessment loop based on the performance measure approach is applied as the second stage. Next, we develop two criteria to select a solution from obtained Pareto-optimal set to achieve the best possible implementation. Finally, the result verification is performed with Monte Carlo Simulations and also the quality improvement during manufacturing process is considered by identifying and controlling the critical variables. The effectiveness and applicability of this new proposed methodology is demonstrated through a case study.     

Increasing urea-N efficiency for transplanted lowland rice by pneumatic injection: Yield and economics at the farm level

To increase the fertilizer-N efficiency in lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation, new management practices are needed. Main cause of the present low efficiency is the low N recovery by plants, as a considerable part of the N applied is lost; deep placement techniques improve the recovery. A pneumatic injector, with which urea prills can be point-placed at a depth of 5–10 cm in paddy soils, was tested in 38 on-farm trials in 1989/90, mostly during the wet season. The experiments, located in Africa and Asia, focussed on differences in grain yield between conventional methods of broadcasting urea and injection by the pneumatic injector, at recommended N-rates. The study shows that the pneumatic injector is effective as a tool to improve the N fertilizer efficiency. The average yield increases per region, resulting from the use of the injector, ranged from about 250 to 1300 kg grain ha^–1. The value of the yield increase would allow most farmers to recover the costs of the injector within one season, even if labour was hired to carry out the injections. The average labour requirement of the injector was 40 hours ha^–1. In Indonesia, injection of prilled urea gave yields similar to those obtained with urea briquettes.     

CPE系列聚合物改性路用沥青

研究了氯化聚乙烯(CPE)系列聚合物体系对改性沥青性能的影响．以及CPE含量、母料比例等对改性沥青的影响。实验结果表明．母炼胶法制备的改性沥青能够取得较好的效果。通过对CPE体系和CPE—g—MAH体系的比较．能直观的看到界面相容性对改性沥青起着至关重要的作用，使改性沥青呈现较好的延度、针入度和软化点。同时。对改性沥青的工艺进行了探索。     

AlCl3/活性炭催化甲基三氯硅烷与低沸物再分配反应研究

甲基三氯硅烷(M1)与低沸物(LBR)是工业上"直接法"生产二甲基二氯硅烷单体过程中产生的副产物,两者之间通过再分配反应可转化为高价值的有机硅单体.以活性炭为载体,采用浸渍蒸发煅烧法制备了负载型AlCl3固体酸催化剂,在固定床反应器中进行甲基三氯硅烷与低沸物的再分配反应,制得二甲基二氯硅烷和三甲基氯硅烷.考察了活性炭载体预处理方式及反应条件对再分配反应的影响.结果表明,经过高温扩孔处理的活性炭载体负载的AlCl3催化剂具有较好的反应活性;优化的反应条件为:W(M1/LBR)为2.0～3.0,反应温度为310℃,LHSV为1.5 h-1;该催化剂的制备过程简单,催化反应条件温和且表现出良好的催化稳定性.     

采用加压-真空两段热缩聚法制备中间相沥青炭纤维的原料

以深度裂解石油渣油为原料，采用两段热缩聚法可制得软化点为268℃，可编性良好的中间相沥青。本文详细考察了温度，时间对中间相沥青软化点，可编性，中间相沥青形态及碳化收率的影响，并初步探讨了两段热缩聚反应的机理。研究结果表明反应温度，时间对中间相沥青的结构和性能影响较大，选择适宜石油渣油，采用加压－真空两段热缩聚法，调整反应条件，可制得可纺性良好的中间相沥青。     

煤液化油实沸点蒸馏的模拟实验

采用TD200简易蒸馏装置对石油醚和液体石蜡进行了实沸点蒸馏，得到实沸点蒸馏数据，并绘制了实沸点蒸馏曲线和各馏分质量百分数与温度关系曲线，得出主要馏分所在的沸程分别为石油醚64．5℃～68℃，液体石蜡412℃～420℃；同时计算出了二者的平均沸点为65.73℃和404．36℃．这些曲线及数据不仅对石油醚和液体石蜡的组成和使用性能有参考价值，而且这种分析方法为煤液化油的实沸点蒸馏奠定了基础。     

负摩阻力计算及对桩承载力的影响

探讨了负摩阻力的计算方法及考虑负摩阻力时对桩承载力的验算，对软土层超过１５米，上部堆载大或地下水位大幅度下降地区的桩，尤其是端承桩而言，具有较大的工程实际意义。     

Augment low-field intra-operative MRI with preoperative MRI using a hybrid non-rigid registration method

Background

Preoperatively acquired diffusion tensor image (DTI) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) have been proved to be effective in providing more anatomical and functional information; however, the brain deformation induced by brain shift and tumor resection severely impairs the correspondence between the image space and the patient space in image-guided neurosurgery.

Method

To address the brain deformation, we developed a hybrid non-rigid registration method to register high-field preoperative MRI with low-field intra-operative MRI in order to recover the deformation induced by brain shift and tumor resection. The registered DTI and BOLD are fused with low-field intra-operative MRI for image-guided neurosurgery.

Results

The proposed hybrid registration method was evaluated by comparing the landmarks predicted by the hybrid registration method with the landmarks identified in the low-field intra-operative MRI for 10 patients. The prediction error of the hybrid method is 1.92 ± 0.54 mm, and the compensation accuracy is 74.3 ± 5.0%. Compared to the landmarks far from the resection region, those near the resection region demonstrated a higher compensation accuracy (P-value = .003) although these landmarks had larger initial displacements.

Conclusions

The proposed hybrid registration method is able to bring preoperatively acquired BOLD and DTI into the operating room and compensate for the deformation to augment low-field intra-operative MRI with rich anatomical and functional information.     

基于Gabor多尺度空间的不变兴趣点检测

针对以往仿射不变兴趣点的特征尺度不能直接断定的问题, 提出一种基于Gabor多尺度空间的不变兴趣点检测算法。该算法主要包括三个步骤：应用Gabor滤波器组与图像卷积建立图像Gabor多尺度空间; 通过极大值准则检测兴趣点并直接断定特征尺度; 采用二阶矩矩阵描述兴趣点局部结构。实验结果表明, 相比较其他Hessian-Affine、MSER等算法, 该算法在图像模糊和JPEG压缩情况下可重复率和可匹配率均取得最好结果, 是一种能有效直接提取特征尺度的兴趣点检测算法。     

仪表联锁一体化控制单元(ITCC)在压缩机防喘振控制上的应用

介绍了基于PLC的压缩机一体化控制系统,PLC和现场总线系统(DCS)、安全仪表系统(SIS)、马达一体化控制系统(MCC)等信号之间的相互关系。主要论述了压缩机的防喘振控制理论,防喘振控制器的功能及防喘振控制在赛科乙烯装置裂解气压缩机的应用。